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#ifndef RUBY_RANDOM_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RUBY_RANDOM_H 1
/**
* @file
* @date Sat May 7 11:51:14 JST 2016
* @copyright 2007-2020 Yukihiro Matsumoto
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
*
* This is a set of APIs to roll your own subclass of ::rb_cRandom. An
* illustrative example of such PRNG can be found at
* `ext/-test-/random/loop.c`.
*/
#include "ruby/ruby.h"
/*
* version
* 0: before versioning; deprecated
* 1: added version, flags and init_32bit function
*/
#define RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MINOR 0
#define RUBY_RANDOM_PASTE_VERSION_SUFFIX(x, y, z) x##_##y##_##z
#define RUBY_RANDOM_WITH_VERSION_SUFFIX(name, major, minor) \
RUBY_RANDOM_PASTE_VERSION_SUFFIX(name, major, minor)
#define rb_random_data_type \
RUBY_RANDOM_WITH_VERSION_SUFFIX(rb_random_data_type, \
RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MAJOR, \
RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MINOR)
#define RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_INITIALIZER \
{RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MAJOR, RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MINOR}
#define RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MAJOR_MAX 0xff
#define RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_MINOR_MAX 0xff
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
/**
* Base components of the random interface.
*
* @internal
*
* Ideally this could be an empty class if we could assume C++, but in C a
* struct must have at least one field.
*/
struct rb_random_struct {
/** Seed, passed through e.g. `Random.new` */
VALUE seed;
};
typedef struct rb_random_struct rb_random_t; /**< @see ::rb_random_struct */
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* This is the type of functions called when your random object is initialised.
* Passed buffer is the seed object basically. But in Ruby a number can be
* really big. This type of functions accept such big integers as a series of
* machine words.
*
* @param[out] rng Your random struct to fill in.
* @param[in] buf Seed, maybe converted from a bignum.
* @param[in] len Number of words of `buf`.
* @post `rng` is initialised using the passed seeds.
*/
typedef void rb_random_init_func(rb_random_t *rng, const uint32_t *buf, size_t len);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* This is the type of functions called when your random object is initialised.
* Passed data is the seed integer.
*
* @param[out] rng Your random struct to fill in.
* @param[in] data Seed, single word.
* @post `rng` is initialised using the passed seeds.
*/
typedef void rb_random_init_int32_func(rb_random_t *rng, uint32_t data);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* This is the type of functions called from your object's `#rand` method.
*
* @param[out] rng Your random struct to extract an integer from.
* @return A random number.
* @post `rng` is consumed somehow.
*/
typedef unsigned int rb_random_get_int32_func(rb_random_t *rng);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* This is the type of functions called from your object's `#bytes` method.
*
* @param[out] rng Your random struct to extract an integer from.
* @param[out] buf Return buffer of at least `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Number of bytes of `buf`.
* @post `rng` is consumed somehow.
* @post `buf` is filled with random bytes.
*/
typedef void rb_random_get_bytes_func(rb_random_t *rng, void *buf, size_t len);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* This is the type of functions called from your object's `#rand` method.
*
* @param[out] rng Your random struct to extract an integer from.
* @param[in] excl Pass nonzero value here to indicate you don't want 1.0.
* @return A random number of range 0.0 to 1.0.
* @post `rng` is consumed somehow.
*/
typedef double rb_random_get_real_func(rb_random_t *rng, int excl);
/** PRNG algorithmic interface, analogous to Ruby level classes. */
typedef struct {
/** Number of bits of seed numbers. */
size_t default_seed_bits;
/**
* Major/minor versions of this interface
*/
struct {
uint8_t major, minor;
} version;
/**
* Reserved flags
*/
uint16_t flags;
/** Function to initialize from uint32_t array. */
rb_random_init_func *init;
/** Function to initialize from single uint32_t. */
rb_random_init_int32_func *init_int32;
/** Function to obtain a random integer. */
rb_random_get_int32_func *get_int32;
/**
* Function to obtain a series of random bytes. If your PRNG have a native
* method to yield arbitrary number of bytes use that to implement this.
* But in case you lack such things, you can do so by using
* rb_rand_bytes_int32()
*
* ```CXX
* extern rb_random_get_int32_func your_get_int32_func;
*
* void
* your_get_byes_func(rb_random_t *rng, void *buf, size_t len)
* {
* rb_rand_bytes_int32(your_get_int32_func, rng, buf, len);
* }
* ```
*/
rb_random_get_bytes_func *get_bytes;
/**
* Function to obtain a random double. If your PRNG have a native method
* to yield a floating point random number use that to implement this. But
* in case you lack such things, you can do so by using
* rb_int_pair_to_real().
*
* ```CXX
* extern rb_random_get_int32_func your_get_int32_func;
*
* void
* your_get_real_func(rb_random_t *rng, int excl)
* {
* auto a = your_get_int32_func(rng);
* auto b = your_get_int32_func(rng);
* return rb_int_pair_to_real(a, b, excl);
* }
* ```
*/
rb_random_get_real_func *get_real;
} rb_random_interface_t;
/**
* This utility macro defines 4 functions named prefix_init, prefix_init_int32,
* prefix_get_int32, prefix_get_bytes.
*/
#define RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE(prefix) \
static void prefix##_init(rb_random_t *, const uint32_t *, size_t); \
static void prefix##_init_int32(rb_random_t *, uint32_t); \
static unsigned int prefix##_get_int32(rb_random_t *); \
static void prefix##_get_bytes(rb_random_t *, void *, size_t)
/**
* Identical to #RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE except it also declares
* prefix_get_real.
*/
#define RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE_WITH_REAL(prefix) \
RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE(prefix); \
static double prefix##_get_real(rb_random_t *, int)
/**
* This utility macro expands to the names declared using
* #RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE. Expected to be used inside of a
* ::rb_random_interface_t initialiser:
*
* ```CXX
* RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DECLARE(foo);
*
* static inline constexpr rb_random_interface_t foo_interface = {
* 32768, // bits
* RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE(foo),
* };
* ```
*/
#define RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE(prefix) \
RUBY_RANDOM_INTERFACE_VERSION_INITIALIZER, 0, \
prefix##_init, \
prefix##_init_int32, \
prefix##_get_int32, \
prefix##_get_bytes
/**
* Identical to #RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE except it also defines
* prefix_get_real.
*/
#define RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE_WITH_REAL(prefix) \
RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE(prefix), \
prefix##_get_real
#define RB_RANDOM_DEFINE_INIT_INT32_FUNC(prefix) \
static void prefix##_init_int32(rb_random_t *rnd, uint32_t data) \
{ \
prefix##_init(rnd, &data, 1); \
}
#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
typedef rb_data_type_t rb_random_data_type_t;
# define RB_RANDOM_PARENT 0
#else
/** This is the type of ::rb_random_data_type. */
typedef const rb_data_type_t rb_random_data_type_t;
/**
* This utility macro can be used when you define your own PRNG type:
*
* ```CXX
* static inline constexpr rb_random_interface_t your_if = {
* 0, RB_RANDOM_INTERFACE_DEFINE(your),
* };
*
* static inline constexpr rb_random_data_type_t your_prng_type = {
* "your PRNG",
* { rb_random_mark, },
* RB_RANDOM_PARENT, // <<-- HERE
* &your_if,
* 0,
* }
* ```
*/
# define RB_RANDOM_PARENT &rb_random_data_type
#endif
/**
* This macro is expected to be called exactly once at the beginning of a
* program, possibly from inside of your `Init_Foo()` function. Depending on
* platforms #RB_RANDOM_PARENT can require a fixup. This routine does that
* when necessary.
*/
#define RB_RANDOM_DATA_INIT_PARENT(random_data) \
rbimpl_random_data_init_parent(&random_data)
/**
* This is the implementation of ::rb_data_type_struct::dmark for
* ::rb_random_data_type. In case your PRNG does not involve Ruby objects at
* all (which is quite likely), you can simply reuse it.
*
* @param[out] ptr Target to mark, which is a ::rb_random_t this case.
*/
void rb_random_mark(void *ptr);
/**
* Initialises an allocated ::rb_random_t instance. Call it from your own
* initialiser appropriately.
*
* @param[out] rnd Your PRNG's base part.
* @post `rnd` is filled with an initial state.
*/
void rb_random_base_init(rb_random_t *rnd);
/**
* Generates a 64 bit floating point number by concatenating two 32bit unsigned
* integers.
*
* @param[in] a Most significant 32 bits of the result.
* @param[in] b Least significant 32 bits of the result.
* @param[in] excl Whether the result should exclude 1.0 or not.
* @return A double, whose range is either `[0, 1)` or `[0, 1]`.
* @see ::rb_random_interface_t::get_real()
*
* @internal
*
* This in fact has nothing to do with PRNGs.
*/
double rb_int_pair_to_real(uint32_t a, uint32_t b, int excl);
/**
* Repeatedly calls the passed function over and over again until the passed
* buffer is filled with random bytes.
*
* @param[in] func Generator function.
* @param[out] prng Passed as-is to `func`.
* @param[out] buff Return buffer.
* @param[in] size Number of words of `buff`.
* @post `buff` is filled with random bytes.
* @post `prng` is updated by `func`.
* @see ::rb_random_interface_t::get_bytes()
*/
void rb_rand_bytes_int32(rb_random_get_int32_func *func, rb_random_t *prng, void *buff, size_t size);
/**
* The data that holds the backend type of ::rb_cRandom. Used as your PRNG's
* ::rb_data_type_struct::parent.
*/
RUBY_EXTERN const rb_data_type_t rb_random_data_type;
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
/* :TODO: can this function be __attribute__((returns_nonnull)) or not? */
/**
* Queries the interface of the passed random object.
*
* @param[in] obj An instance (of a subclass) of ::rb_cRandom.
* @return Its corresponding ::rb_random_interface_t interface.
*/
static inline const rb_random_interface_t *
rb_rand_if(VALUE obj)
{
RBIMPL_ASSERT_OR_ASSUME(RTYPEDDATA_P(obj));
const struct rb_data_type_struct *t = RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(obj);
const void *ret = t->data;
return RBIMPL_CAST((const rb_random_interface_t *)ret);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail of #RB_RANDOM_DATA_INIT_PARENT. People
* don't use it directly.
*
* @param[out] random_data Region to fill.
* @post ::rb_random_data_type is filled appropriately.
*/
static inline void
rbimpl_random_data_init_parent(rb_random_data_type_t *random_data)
{
#if defined _WIN32 && !defined __CYGWIN__
random_data->parent = &rb_random_data_type;
#endif
}
#endif /* RUBY_RANDOM_H */
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